"непърꙗ" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "nepŭrjane",
      "word": "непърꙗне"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zle-ono"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "c",
        "2": "1240‒1260"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in c. 1240‒1260",
      "name": "etydate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zle-ono",
        "2": "не-",
        "3": "*пърꙗ",
        "lit": "not sailcloth"
      },
      "expansion": "не- (ne-) + *пърꙗ (*pŭrja), literally “not sailcloth”",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "orv",
        "2": "пърꙗ",
        "t": "sail"
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic пърꙗ (pŭrja, “sail”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zle-ono",
        "2": "urj-fin"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Finnic",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "olo",
        "2": "purjeh"
      },
      "expansion": "Livvi purjeh",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "krl",
        "2": "purjeh"
      },
      "expansion": "Karelian purjeh",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vep",
        "2": "pureh"
      },
      "expansion": "Veps pureh",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vot",
        "2": "purjõ"
      },
      "expansion": "Votic purjõ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "izh",
        "2": "purje"
      },
      "expansion": "Ingrian purje",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "purje",
        "t": "sail"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish purje (“sail”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zle-ono",
        "2": "urj-fin-pro",
        "3": "*purjëh",
        "t": "sail"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *purjëh (“sail”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zle-ono",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*buriz",
        "id": "wind",
        "t": "fair wind"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *buriz (“fair wind”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zle-ono",
        "2": "ine-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zle-ono",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰer-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zle-ono",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*непрѧдь",
        "lit": "not a lock of wool",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "back-formation from *непрѧдь (*neprędĭ, literally “not a lock of wool”)",
      "name": "bf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*prędь"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *prędь",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "*(s)prenˀstei"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)prenˀstei",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*(s)prend-ye-ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)prend-ye-ti",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zle-ono",
        "2": "прѧдено",
        "t": "yarn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Novgorodian прѧдено (prędeno, “yarn”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "не́рпа",
        "t": "seal"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian не́рпа (nérpa, “seal”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zle-mru",
        "2": "нерпа"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Russian нерпа (nerpa)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zle-ono",
        "2": "urj-fin"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Finnic",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "olo",
        "2": "ńorppa"
      },
      "expansion": "Livvi ńorppa",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "krl",
        "2": "ńorppa"
      },
      "expansion": "Karelian ńorppa",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lud",
        "2": "ńorp"
      },
      "expansion": "Ludian ńorp",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "norppa",
        "t": "ringed seal"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish norppa (“ringed seal”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "smi-pro",
        "2": "*noarvē",
        "t": "seal"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Samic *noarvē (“seal”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "qfa-sub"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "noncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain. First attested in c. 1240‒1260 as непрѣ (neprě, gen. sg.).\n* Per Nikolaev, Gippius (2023), from не- (ne-) + *пърꙗ (*pŭrja), literally “not sailcloth”, which is cognate with Old East Slavic пърꙗ (pŭrja, “sail”), first attested in the 12th century. Borrowed from Finnic languages, such as Livvi purjeh, Karelian purjeh, Veps pureh, Votic purjõ, Ingrian purje, Finnish purje (“sail”), ultimately from Proto-Finnic *purjëh (“sail”), probably from Proto-Germanic *buriz (“fair wind”).\n* Per Strakhov (1997), allegedly непрѧ (neprę) is a back-formation from *непрѧдь (*neprędĭ, literally “not a lock of wool”), ultimately from Proto-Slavic *prędь, from *pręsti (“to spin”) (1sg. *prędǫ), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)prenˀstei, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)prend-ye-ti, from *(s)prend- (“stretch”). Compare Old Novgorodian прѧдено (prędeno, “yarn”).\nObsolete etymology, per Borkovsky (1958), suggests that the originally discovered word is a misspelled form or metathesis рп (rp) > пр (pr) from *нерпа (*nerpa, “ringed seal, seal”). Related to Russian не́рпа (nérpa, “seal”), Middle Russian нерпа (nerpa), first attested from the 2nd half of the 16th century. Borrowed from Finnic languages, probably from Livvi ńorppa, cf. Karelian ńorppa, Ludian ńorp, Finnish norppa (“ringed seal”); ultimately possible from Proto-Samic *noarvē (“seal”), probable substrate loanword. But after Birchbark letter no. 1157 was found in 2022, it became known that the thing described by this word is measured in локъть (lokŭtĭ, “cubit, ell”), it became clear that this was not an animal, but fabric, confirming the earlier assumption of A. Zaliznyak.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "nepŭrja",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zle-ono",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "непърꙗ • (nepŭrja) f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "не‧пъ‧рꙗ"
  ],
  "lang": "Old Novgorodian",
  "lang_code": "zle-ono",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Novgorodian terms with uncertain meaning",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with uncertain meaning",
            "Terms by usage"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Novgorodian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 34 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
        "homespun canvas, sackcloth"
      ],
      "id": "en-непърꙗ-zle-ono-noun-zle_ono:canvas",
      "links": [
        [
          "homespun",
          "homespun"
        ],
        [
          "canvas",
          "canvas"
        ],
        [
          "sackcloth",
          "sackcloth"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "zle-ono:canvas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Novgorodian terms with uncertain meaning",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with uncertain meaning",
            "Terms by usage"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Novgorodian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 34 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
        "unspun flax"
      ],
      "id": "en-непърꙗ-zle-ono-noun-X2C1A4R3",
      "links": [
        [
          "unspun",
          "unspun"
        ],
        [
          "flax",
          "flax"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Novgorodian terms with uncertain meaning",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with uncertain meaning",
            "Terms by usage"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Novgorodian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 34 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Khotzhir's wife has 2 beads, Spiridon's wife has 2 cubits of homespun canvas …",
          "ref": "c. 1240‒1260, Берестяная грамота № 1157 [Birchbark letter no. 1157]:",
          "roman": "u xodžirověi ¦v¦ glazněća u spiridanověi ¦v¦ lokti neprě …",
          "text": "ꙋ ходжировѣи ¦в¦ глазнѣца ꙋ спиридановѣи ¦в¦ локти непрѣ …",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "english": "I sent with … , my companion, a bundle of homespun canvas [and] 903 [some measure of length] of narrow rope.",
          "ref": "c. 1360‒1380, Берестяная грамота № 133 [Birchbark letter no. 133]:",
          "roman": "… poslalo [je](sm- s) --anomo so svoimo su[k]ladn(ikomo) kipu neprě 9 soto i :g: v------věrevki uzkoi …",
          "text": "… послало [ѥ](см- с) --аномо со своимо су[к]ладн(икомо) кипу непрѣ :ѳ҃: сото и :г҃ в------вѣревки узкои …",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include"
      ],
      "id": "en-непърꙗ-zle-ono-noun-~Mwf1bvk",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "late form",
      "roman": "neprja",
      "word": "непрꙗ"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Andrey Zaliznyak",
    "Artemiy Artsikhovsky",
    "Oleg Trubachyov",
    "Valentin Yanin",
    "ru:Борковский, Виктор Иванович",
    "ru:Вопросы языкознания",
    "ru:Гиппиус, Алексей Алексеевич"
  ],
  "word": "непърꙗ"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Novgorodian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Novgorodian feminine nouns",
    "Old Novgorodian lemmas",
    "Old Novgorodian nouns",
    "Old Novgorodian terms borrowed from Finnic languages",
    "Old Novgorodian terms derived from Finnic languages",
    "Old Novgorodian terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "nepŭrjane",
      "word": "непърꙗне"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zle-ono"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "c",
        "2": "1240‒1260"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in c. 1240‒1260",
      "name": "etydate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zle-ono",
        "2": "не-",
        "3": "*пърꙗ",
        "lit": "not sailcloth"
      },
      "expansion": "не- (ne-) + *пърꙗ (*pŭrja), literally “not sailcloth”",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "orv",
        "2": "пърꙗ",
        "t": "sail"
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic пърꙗ (pŭrja, “sail”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zle-ono",
        "2": "urj-fin"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Finnic",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "olo",
        "2": "purjeh"
      },
      "expansion": "Livvi purjeh",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "krl",
        "2": "purjeh"
      },
      "expansion": "Karelian purjeh",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vep",
        "2": "pureh"
      },
      "expansion": "Veps pureh",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vot",
        "2": "purjõ"
      },
      "expansion": "Votic purjõ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "izh",
        "2": "purje"
      },
      "expansion": "Ingrian purje",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "purje",
        "t": "sail"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish purje (“sail”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zle-ono",
        "2": "urj-fin-pro",
        "3": "*purjëh",
        "t": "sail"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *purjëh (“sail”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zle-ono",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*buriz",
        "id": "wind",
        "t": "fair wind"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *buriz (“fair wind”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zle-ono",
        "2": "ine-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zle-ono",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰer-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zle-ono",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*непрѧдь",
        "lit": "not a lock of wool",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "back-formation from *непрѧдь (*neprędĭ, literally “not a lock of wool”)",
      "name": "bf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*prędь"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *prędь",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "*(s)prenˀstei"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)prenˀstei",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*(s)prend-ye-ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)prend-ye-ti",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zle-ono",
        "2": "прѧдено",
        "t": "yarn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Novgorodian прѧдено (prędeno, “yarn”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "не́рпа",
        "t": "seal"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian не́рпа (nérpa, “seal”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zle-mru",
        "2": "нерпа"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Russian нерпа (nerpa)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zle-ono",
        "2": "urj-fin"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Finnic",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "olo",
        "2": "ńorppa"
      },
      "expansion": "Livvi ńorppa",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "krl",
        "2": "ńorppa"
      },
      "expansion": "Karelian ńorppa",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lud",
        "2": "ńorp"
      },
      "expansion": "Ludian ńorp",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "norppa",
        "t": "ringed seal"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish norppa (“ringed seal”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "smi-pro",
        "2": "*noarvē",
        "t": "seal"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Samic *noarvē (“seal”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "qfa-sub"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "noncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain. First attested in c. 1240‒1260 as непрѣ (neprě, gen. sg.).\n* Per Nikolaev, Gippius (2023), from не- (ne-) + *пърꙗ (*pŭrja), literally “not sailcloth”, which is cognate with Old East Slavic пърꙗ (pŭrja, “sail”), first attested in the 12th century. Borrowed from Finnic languages, such as Livvi purjeh, Karelian purjeh, Veps pureh, Votic purjõ, Ingrian purje, Finnish purje (“sail”), ultimately from Proto-Finnic *purjëh (“sail”), probably from Proto-Germanic *buriz (“fair wind”).\n* Per Strakhov (1997), allegedly непрѧ (neprę) is a back-formation from *непрѧдь (*neprędĭ, literally “not a lock of wool”), ultimately from Proto-Slavic *prędь, from *pręsti (“to spin”) (1sg. *prędǫ), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)prenˀstei, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)prend-ye-ti, from *(s)prend- (“stretch”). Compare Old Novgorodian прѧдено (prędeno, “yarn”).\nObsolete etymology, per Borkovsky (1958), suggests that the originally discovered word is a misspelled form or metathesis рп (rp) > пр (pr) from *нерпа (*nerpa, “ringed seal, seal”). Related to Russian не́рпа (nérpa, “seal”), Middle Russian нерпа (nerpa), first attested from the 2nd half of the 16th century. Borrowed from Finnic languages, probably from Livvi ńorppa, cf. Karelian ńorppa, Ludian ńorp, Finnish norppa (“ringed seal”); ultimately possible from Proto-Samic *noarvē (“seal”), probable substrate loanword. But after Birchbark letter no. 1157 was found in 2022, it became known that the thing described by this word is measured in локъть (lokŭtĭ, “cubit, ell”), it became clear that this was not an animal, but fabric, confirming the earlier assumption of A. Zaliznyak.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "nepŭrja",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zle-ono",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "непърꙗ • (nepŭrja) f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "не‧пъ‧рꙗ"
  ],
  "lang": "Old Novgorodian",
  "lang_code": "zle-ono",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Novgorodian terms with uncertain meaning"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
        "homespun canvas, sackcloth"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "homespun",
          "homespun"
        ],
        [
          "canvas",
          "canvas"
        ],
        [
          "sackcloth",
          "sackcloth"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "zle-ono:canvas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Novgorodian terms with uncertain meaning"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
        "unspun flax"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "unspun",
          "unspun"
        ],
        [
          "flax",
          "flax"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Novgorodian terms with quotations",
        "Old Novgorodian terms with uncertain meaning"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Khotzhir's wife has 2 beads, Spiridon's wife has 2 cubits of homespun canvas …",
          "ref": "c. 1240‒1260, Берестяная грамота № 1157 [Birchbark letter no. 1157]:",
          "roman": "u xodžirověi ¦v¦ glazněća u spiridanověi ¦v¦ lokti neprě …",
          "text": "ꙋ ходжировѣи ¦в¦ глазнѣца ꙋ спиридановѣи ¦в¦ локти непрѣ …",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "english": "I sent with … , my companion, a bundle of homespun canvas [and] 903 [some measure of length] of narrow rope.",
          "ref": "c. 1360‒1380, Берестяная грамота № 133 [Birchbark letter no. 133]:",
          "roman": "… poslalo [je](sm- s) --anomo so svoimo su[k]ladn(ikomo) kipu neprě 9 soto i :g: v------věrevki uzkoi …",
          "text": "… послало [ѥ](см- с) --аномо со своимо су[к]ладн(икомо) кипу непрѣ :ѳ҃: сото и :г҃ в------вѣревки узкои …",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "late form",
      "roman": "neprja",
      "word": "непрꙗ"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Andrey Zaliznyak",
    "Artemiy Artsikhovsky",
    "Oleg Trubachyov",
    "Valentin Yanin",
    "ru:Борковский, Виктор Иванович",
    "ru:Вопросы языкознания",
    "ru:Гиппиус, Алексей Алексеевич"
  ],
  "word": "непърꙗ"
}

{
  "called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
  "msg": "''The meaning of this term is un'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
  "path": [
    "непърꙗ"
  ],
  "section": "Old Novgorodian",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "непърꙗ",
  "trace": ""
}